Parabens are chemicals commonly used to prolong the shelf life of various products. They are found in many cosmetics, hair care products, lotions, and more, where they help prevent the growth of harmful bacteria. While generally regarded as safe, ongoing scientific research is examining the possible health impacts of parabens. Recently, a study has revealed a concerning connection between parabens and breast cancer.
The Debate on Parabens and Breast Cancer Safety
Breast Cancer UK identifies parabens as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can interfere with the body’s natural hormone balance. They particularly impact estrogen, a female hormone, and elevated levels of estrogen have been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Although research in humans is still limited and inconclusive, some experts recommend exercising caution when using products containing parabens. According to Breast Cancer UK, “Parabens may play a role in different stages of tumor development and growth, and could potentially aid the spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body.”
Investigating the Relationship Between Parabens and Breast Cancer Subtypes
In a 2023 study published in the journal Chemosphere, researchers investigated how the body responds when switching to paraben-free products. Specifically, they looked at how reducing exposure to parabens affects early markers associated with breast cancer. The study involved healthy women without cancer who regularly used personal care products containing parabens and phthalates—another type of endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) commonly used to improve texture and absorption. Researchers collected urine, blood, and breast tissue cell samples from the participants both before and after a 28-day period. During this time, some participants switched to products free of parabens and phthalates, while others continued their usual routines.
Conclusions Drawn from the Paraben-Free Product Study
By the end of the 28-day period, researchers observed several changes that suggest a lowered risk of breast cancer. Levels of paraben and phthalate metabolites decreased in the participants’ urine, blood, and breast tissue samples, indicating reduced exposure to these chemicals. Furthermore, breast cells from the group that switched to paraben- and phthalate-free products exhibited a reversal of cancer-associated traits and showed signs of healthier cellular function. The study’s authors emphasize the need for further research to explore how exposure to these chemicals may influence gene expression and cancer development.
Breakthroughs in Breast Cancer Research
Researchers have long suspected a connection between hormone-disrupting chemicals and breast cancer, but this study marks a significant breakthrough. “For us [breast cancer survivors], this research shifts the entire paradigm of breast cancer studies,” said Polly Marshall, co-author of the study and executive director of Breast Cancer Over Time, in an interview with EHN. “Rather than simply observing correlations, we’ve found a way to examine causation directly within people’s bodies.”
Choose Quality Over Quantity
“You need to be aware of the ingredients in your products,” said Polly Marshall, as reported by the Collaborative for Health and Environment. She points out that the FDA does not regulate personal care products (PCPs), so it’s up to consumers to stay informed and protect their health. “There are plenty of resources available to help you research, and new healthier products are becoming available every day.”
Everyday Items That May Contain Parabens
Keep in mind that many products labeled as “natural,” “organic,” “alternative,” or “green” can still contain parabens. Since there are few regulations defining what “natural” truly means, be cautious of misleading marketing that uses these buzzwords. Always check the ingredient list carefully, especially when purchasing items such as:
- Blush
- BB and CC creams
- Conditioner
- Foundation
- Lip balm
- Lipstick
- Moisturizing face cream
- Petroleum jelly
Know Your Ingredients: Spotting Parabens
When shopping, you might want to avoid products containing ingredients such as parahydroxybenzoate, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, and other compounds ending with “-paraben,” according to Healthline. Additionally, check food packaging for additives labeled E214, E215, E218, and E219, which are parabens used as preservatives. Some products clearly label themselves as paraben-free, making it easier to choose safer options.
Clean Beauty: Brands Without Parabens
- Afterglow Cosmetics
- Burt’s Bees
- Mineralogie
- Morocco Method
- Naturopathica
- Real Purity
- SheaMoisture
- Trader Joe’s shampoos and conditioners
- WELEDA
Healthy Habits to Prevent Breast Cancer
Most breast cancer research funding focuses on treatments and cures, but this study takes a different approach by exploring prevention methods. Many participants had family members affected by breast cancer, fueling the research team’s dedication to protecting future generations. “There are many people who want to go beyond awareness campaigns and pink ribbons to take real action in preventing breast cancer,” said Polly Marshall.
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